Gradient analysis in swamp forests

During 1960 and 1961 we studied periodically flooded wetlands dominated by the trees Larix laricina, Thuja accidentalis, and Ulmus americana along transects from lake margins to the upland in the Rideau Lakes Region of Ontario. This vegetation shows distinct belts of the dominants from the air which have often been described as separate plant communities and were interpreted as stages in a hydrosere.